BASQUETBALL

Is a team sport in which two teams of five players try to score points by throwing or "shooting" a ballthrough the top of a basketball hoop while following a set of rules. Basketball is one of the world's most popular and widely viewed sports.

A regulation basketball hoop consists of a rim 18 inches in diameter and 10 feet high mounted to a backboard. A team can score a field goal by shooting the ball through the hoop during regular play. A field goal scores two points for the shooting team if a player is touching or closer to the hoop than the three-point line, and three points (a "3 pointer") if the player is "outside" the three-point line. The team with more points at the end of the game wins, but additional time (overtime) may be issued when the game ends with a tie. The ball can be advanced on the court by bouncing it while walking or running (dribbling) or passing it to a teammate. It is a violation (traveling) to walk with the ball, carry it, or to double dribble (to hold the ball and then resume dribbling).

Various violations are generally called "fouls". Disruptive physical contact (a personal foul) is penalized, and a free throw is usually awarded to an offensive player if he is fouled while shooting the ball. A technical foul may also be issued when certain infractions occur, most commonly for unsportsmanlike conduct on the part of a player or coach. A technical foul gives the opposing team a free throw.

Basketball has evolved many commonly used techniques of shooting, passing, and dribbling, as well as specialized player positions and offensive and defensive structures (player positioning) and techniques. Typically, the tallest members of a team will play "center", "small forward", or "power forward" positions, while shorter players or those who possess the best ball handling skills and speed play "point guard" or "shooting guard".

While competitive basketball is carefully regulated, numerous variations of basketball have developed for casual play. Competitive basketball is primarily an indoor sport played on carefully marked and maintained basketball courts, but less regulated variations are often played outdoors in both inner city and rural areas.

Creation

In early December 1891, Dr. James Naismith, a physical education professor and instructor at the International Young Men's Christian Association Training School (YMCA) (today, Springfield College) in Springfield, Massachusetts, USA, was trying to keep his gym class active on a rainy day. He sought a vigorous indoor game to keep his students occupied and at proper levels of fitness during the long New England winters. After rejecting other ideas as either too rough or poorly suited to walled-in gymnasiums, he wrote the basic rules and nailed a peach basket onto a 10-foot (3.05 m) elevated track. In contrast with modern basketball nets, this peach basket retained its bottom, and balls had to be retrieved manually after each "basket" or point scored; this proved inefficient, however, so the bottom of the basket was removed, allowing the balls to be poked out with a long dowel each time.

Basketball was originally played with an association football. The first balls made specifically for basketball were brown, and it was only in the late 1950s thatTony Hinkle, searching for a ball that would be more visible to players and spectators alike, introduced the orange ball that is now in common use. Dribbling was not part of the original game except for the "bounce pass" to teammates. Passing the ball was the primary means of ball movement. Dribbling was eventually introduced but limited by the asymmetric shape of early balls. Dribbling only became a major part of the game around the 1950s, as manufacturing improved the ball shape.

The peach baskets were used until 1906 when they were finally replaced by metal hoops with backboards. A further change was soon made, so the ball merely passed through. Whenever a person got the ball in the basket, his team would gain a point. Whichever team got the most points won the game. The baskets were originally nailed to the mezzanine balcony of the playing court, but this proved impractical when spectators on the balcony began to interfere with shots. The backboard was introduced to prevent this interference; it had the additional effect of allowing rebound shots. Naismith's handwritten diaries, discovered by his granddaughter in early 2006, indicate that he was nervous about the new game he had invented, which incorporated rules from a children's game called "Duck on a Rock", as many had failed before it. Naismith called the new game "Basket Ball". The first official game was played in the YMCA gymnasium in Albany, New York on January 20, 1892 with nine players. The game ended at 1–0; the shot was made from 25 feet (7.6 m), on a court just half the size of a present-day Streetball or National Basketball Association (NBA) court. By 1897–1898 teams of five became standard.

Professional basketball

In 1946, the Basketball Association of America (BAA) was formed. The first game was played in Toronto, Ontario, Canada between the Toronto Huskies andNew York Knickerbockers on November 1, 1946. Three seasons later, in 1949, the BAA merged with the National Basketball League to form the National Basketball Association (NBA). By the 1950s, basketball had become a major college sport, thus paving the way for a growth of interest in professional basketball. In 1959, a basketball hall of fame was founded in Springfield, Massachusetts, site of the first game. Its rosters include the names of great players, coaches, referees and people who have contributed significantly to the development of the game. The hall of fame has people who have accomplished many goals in their career in basketball. An upstart organization, the American Basketball Association, emerged in 1967 and briefly threatened the NBA's dominance until the ABA-NBA merger in 1976. Today the NBA is the top professional basketball league in the world in terms of popularity, salaries, talent, and level of competition.Teams abounded throughout the 1920s. There were hundreds of men's professional basketball teams in towns and cities all over the United States, and little organization of the professional game. Players jumped from team to team and teams played in armories and smoky dance halls. Leagues came and went.Barnstorming squads such as the Original Celtics and two all-African American teams, the New York Renaissance Five ("Rens") and (still in existence as of 2010) the Harlem Globetrotters played up to two hundred games a year on their national tours.

The NBA has featured many famous players, including George Mikan, the first dominating "big man"; ball-handling wizard Bob Cousy and defensive geniusBill Russell of the Boston Celtics; Wilt Chamberlain, who originally played for the barnstorming Harlem Globetrotters; all-around stars Oscar Robertson andJerry West; more recent big men Kareem Abdul-Jabbar, Shaquille O'Neal and Karl Malone; playmaker John Stockton; crowd-pleasing forward Julius Erving; European stars Dirk Nowitzki and Dražen Petrović and the three players who many credit with ushering the professional game to its highest level of popularity:Larry Bird, Earvin "Magic" Johnson, and Michael Jordan. In 2001, the NBA formed a developmental league, the NBDL. As of 2008, the league has 16 teams.

Equipment

The only essential equipment in a basketball game is the basketball and the court: a flat, rectangular surface with baskets at opposite ends. Competitive levels require the use of more equipment such as clocks, score sheets, scoreboard(s), alternating possession arrows, and whistle-operated stop-clock systems.

longer court dimension. The name and logo of the home team is usually painted on or around the center circle.

The basket is a steel rim 18 inches diameter with an attached net affixed to a backboard that measures 6 feet by 3.5 feet and one basket is at each end of the court. The white outlined box on the backboard is 18 inches high and 2 feet wide. At almost all levels of competition, the top of the rim is exactly 10 feet above the court and 4 feet inside the baseline. While variation is possible in the dimensions of the court and backboard, it is considered important for the basket to be of the correct height – a rim that is off by just a few inches can have an adverse effect on shooting.

The size of the basketball is also regulated. For men, the official ball is 29.5 inches in circumference (size 7, or a "295 ball") and weighs 22 oz. If women are playing, the official basketball size is 28.5 inches in circumference (size 6, or a "285 ball") with a weight of 20 oz.

Real Madrid game

In this morning “Real Madrid” played a soccer game in the stadium Santiago Bernabeu whit   “osasuna” team. The winner team was “Real Madrid” the results were “real Madrid” 7-1 “osasuna”. The players that had a recognition for “real Madrid” were Cristiano Ronaldo who made 3 goals, pepe with 1 goal, Gonzalo Higuain most recognized as pipita Higuain who made 1 goal, and karim  Benzema  who made 2 goals. The recognized player for “osasuna ” was Ibrahima with 1 goal. In this soccer game Sahin entered as rookie and di Maria suffered a hamstring muscular lesion in his left leg.

After the game Cristiano Ronaldo had a interview and he was very happy because he was the best player in this game he feels happy because pepe made a goal and he before the game said that he  made a goal, Cristiano Ronaldo  thanks his team and his fans.

Speed-skating
History throughout the worldSkating back to the days when men and women bound their feet animal bones to glide over the ice with them. This could cross frozen lakes and streams during the winter ...Imagine: these were the first skates
A few years later, this way of slipping and transported by the ice was becoming fun for everyone. With the invention of the wheel could be made skates that helped popularize the fun that later became a sport. The official credit for the development of the skates is attributed to the Belgian Joseph Merlin, who made these "feet on wheels" on September 17, 1735.But M. Petitbled in 1819, presented the first real skates. These skates wheels consisted of metal, wood or ivory, mounted on a wooden base with straps to hold them at the bottom.The skates were of one size and as the wheels were fixed, it was impossible to move through a curved line.In 1823, in London, Robert John Tyers presents "love handles". In the British patent office, the "spring roll" was described as a "device to be attached to shoes, boots or other foot covering element in order to move out of necessity or pleasure." This model was made with 5 castors online and it was an event that soon attracted the attention of the public.Not until 1863, the United States, James Leonard Plimpton put a rubber wheel suspension, making the shoe could give money and thus gained greater popularity resulted in the emergence of a skating rink where many people attended with the intentionof skates rolling up and have fun.In 1876 he opened the first center in Paris to practice skating sport fashion, was a very luxurious served to the delight of the Parisian aristocracy. From that year paved rinks throughout Europe. Initially, Germany had 50 tracks, Britain 30 and in the United States was just beginning its expansion.




History in Colombia.
In the heart of Bogota opened the first space for roller skating in the mid 30's and 40 at the San Diego: this has happened 80 years ago. The first skates were made of iron and tied to apprentice with a shoe leather straps, giving little certainty at the foot by being so bulky.
Olimpia had a room called the people attending the 'high society' who were interested in learning about this new sport at the beginning seemed more fun than competitive. When the National Park opened a small track where skating was permitted by way of recreational activity, it was possible was that fun on wheels cease to be exclusive few.The Rodriguez brothers and Osuna, Carlos Jimenez, Mrs. Arnovia of Pedroza, Cecilia Navarrete and Professor Boris Rodriguez were the personalities that drove the type of skating races. Between 1944 and 1945 he organized the first group of fans who wanted to give more excitement to create the first competitions.

The Panamerican Games: The Panamerican Games are a multi-sport event that faces every 4 years for participants from all American countries organized by the Panamerican Sports Organization (PASO). The idea of ​​holding a Pan American Games came from the Central American and Caribbean Games, held since the twenties. In 1932, he made ​​a first proposal. The first Games were to be held in Buenos Aires in 1942, but because of World War II had to be postponed until 1951. Since then, they have held every four years, with a participation of more than 5,000 athletes from 42 countries in the latest edition. Throughout more than 50 years, the Pan American Games never stopped play and went through cities all areas of the continent. From the far north as Winnipeg (Canada), hosted two editions of the event, 1967 and 1999, to the south, like Mar Del Plata (Argentina) which hosted the Games in 1995. In the middle of this road, the Pan American Games also visited Mexico City (Mexico), Chicago (USA), Cali (Colombia), San Juan (Puerto Rico), Caracas (Venezuela), Indianapolis (USA), Havana (Cuba) and Santo Domingo (Dominican Republic), Guadalajara (Mexico). In each edition, the Pan American Games were growing in size and importance. In less than half a century, the event doubled the number of countries, athletes and ways to become a major global sporting calendar competitions.

The only version of Winter Pan American Games was held in Las Lenas (Province of Mendoza, Argentina) between 16 and 22 September 1990. Originally scheduled for 1989, but the lack of snow forced to change the date of its completion. However, weather conditions and light snow were made just 4 winter sports (Downhill, Slalom, Super G and Giant Slalom). Attended by 8 countries and 97 athletes. Santiago de Chile was appointed to be the headquarters of the II version of the Winter Games to be held in 1993. A series of administrative problems and the refusal of the U.S. to participate if there was no complete set of winter sports delayed its completion. No new dates have been designated or headquarters ever since.

THE SPORTS INFORM The sports are all the physical activities that involving a set of rules or norms to comply in a space or in a determined area. For each sport there are a different space to be practiced for example to play soccer is necessary a field because the players need space the field must have grass and can be covered or open air . In figure skating is necessary a flat rink with floor tiles, this rink must be smooth and covered in its` totality, other sport that we can use as example is the swimming to practice this sport the people need a swimming pool that because without the pool is impossible to practice this sport The benefits of practice sport are a lot: 1. The sports `practice help us to avoid the stress and relax physically and mentally 2. We can strengthen our body specially the arms the legs and the abdomen 3. Is the better form to remove the calories and fat that we consume all the days in meals, drinks, candies and other food 4. Help us to improve our physically and mentally health 5. Decreases the depression and the nervous tension and strengthen the learning 6. Finally improve your physical appearance and your self-esteem Is important practice sport that because this help us to aren`t sedentary and be active people and less lazy, so we can realize our activities with more energy and agility without we fell too physical or mental exhaustion.